Albany Brown oatmeal development

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G2934:G2926B Oatmeal Cone 6 #2

Code #

G3933A

Materials Amt
G2934 Matte Glaze (G2934) 80.000
G2926B Glossy Glaze (G2926B) 20.000
Additions
Red Iron Oxide 1.500
Tin Oxide 5.000
Rutile 1.500

Total:108.00

Auto Unity Formula

CaO 0.53
MgO 0.35
K2O 0.01
Na2O 0.10
(KNaO) 0.11
TiO2 0.06
B2O3 0.10
Al2O3 0.47
SiO2 3.15
Fe2O3 0.04
SnO2 0.11

Ratios

Si:Al: 6.6:1
SiB:Al: 6.9:1
R2O:RO: 0.1:0.9

Expansion

5.9 (Molar:5.9)

LOI

11.9

Cost

9.52 per kg

Notes

*This is an adjustment to G3933 for a little more matteness and a little more variegation (this has more iron, more G2934, more rutile.

This also works with Alberta Slip.

We tried adding gum: 900 water, 100 gumsol with 1200g powder. That dried much too slowly and did not drain well.

On subsequent mixes for each 1000 powder we started with 930 water (increasing as needed). This produced a creamy slurry that worked very well.

Pictures

G3933 vs G3933A at cone 6

Using the C6DHSC schedule.

G3933A cone 5

Using the C5DHSC firing schedule.

G3933A cone 5 on L4484D black porcelain

Using the C5DHSC firing schedule.

G3933A G2934:G2926B Oatmeal on dark, light body

Standard cone 6 C6DHSC firing schedule on M390, M340.

G3933A On M340, Coffee clay

Drop and soak, 250c/hr down to 1400C.

XML (to paste into Insight)

<?xml version="1.0"?> <recipes version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"> <recipe name="G2934:G2926B Oatmeal Cone 6 #2" id="211015" key="M5aBGqWT" date="2023-10-31" codenum="G3933A"> <recipelines> <recipeline material="G2934 Matte Glaze" lookup="G2934" amount="80.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="G2926B Glossy Glaze" lookup="G2926B" amount="20.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Red Iron Oxide" amount="1.500" added="true"/> <recipeline material="Tin Oxide" amount="5.000" added="true"/> <recipeline material="Rutile" amount="1.500" added="true"/> </recipelines> </recipe> </recipes>

Born: 2021-10-27, Modified: 2023-10-31 21:15:21

G3933 Oatmeal Ravenscrag #2

Code #

G3933E

P Materials Amt
Ravenscrag Slip 26.500 26.47%
Ravenscrag Slip 1000F Roast 22.000 21.98%
Calcined Kaolin 14.500 14.49%
Ferro Frit 3249 11.500 11.49%
Dolomite 9.700 9.69%
Ferro Frit 3110 7.100 7.09%
Silica 325 (Silica) 8.800 8.79%
P Additions
* Tin Oxide 5.000 5.00%
* Rutile 1.500 1.50%
* Red Iron Oxide 1.500 1.50%

Total:108.10

Auto Unity Formula

CaO 0.51
MgO 0.35
K2O 0.06
Na2O 0.07
(KNaO) 0.13
B2O3 0.16
Al2O3 0.47
SiO2 3.11

Ratios

Si:Al: 6.6:1
SiB:Al: 6.9:1
R2O:RO: 0.1:0.9

Expansion

6.1 (Molar:5.8)

LOI

7.6

Notes

*This is the product of an effort to achieve the warm and rich color of G3933 without the tendency to crawl. To do that we have used Ravenscrag Slip as the base and sourced MgO from dolomite and Ferro Frit frit 3249 (earlier tests sourcing MgO from talc were unsuccessful, off-gassing from the talc was puffing up the glaze with micro-bubbles).

Requires about 45:55 water:powder to make a good slurry. An advantage of this recipe is the ability to adjust the ratio of raw:calcine Ravenscrag Slip to tune the properties of the slurry (drying hardness, suspension).

Pictures

g3933D vs G3933 vs G3933E

G3933E is glossy but is not puffing up like G3933D does. The original G3933 (centre) is the target surface.

G3933E on porcelain, M340, M390, Coffee Clay

Too glossy (this was not a slow cool firing). However there is no crawling.

G3933 vs G3933E mugs

G3933D has no crawling (while the G3933 has a lot). This was not a slow cool firing.

g3933D vs G3933E mugs

G3933D is puffing up (because of the talc). G3933E has no crawling but is a little too glossy. This was drop-and-hold but not slow cool firing.

G3933 vs G3933E slow and fast cooled

The G3933E has richer color than the original G3933. And it is flexible to be glossy or matte depending on cooling.

G3933E Vs G3933

Slow cool firing. The G3933E is giving a better surface.

Typecodes

C6-Cone 6

Alternate Code Number:MG6CDM

XML (to paste into Insight)

<?xml version="1.0"?> <recipes version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"> <recipe name="G3933 Oatmeal Ravenscrag #2" id="243984" key="Na6umSz7" date="2023-10-12" typecodes="C6" codenum="G3933E" picturebasename=""> <recipelines> <recipeline material="Ravenscrag Slip" amount="26.500" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Ravenscrag Slip 1000F Roast" amount="22.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Calcined Kaolin" amount="14.500" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Ferro Frit 3249" amount="11.500" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Dolomite" amount="9.700" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Ferro Frit 3110" amount="7.100" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Silica 325" lookup="Silica" amount="8.800" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Tin Oxide" amount="5.000" added="true"/> <recipeline material="Rutile" amount="1.500" added="true"/> <recipeline material="Red Iron Oxide" amount="1.500" added="true"/> </recipelines> </recipe> </recipes>

Born: 2014-03-21, Modified: 2023-10-12 14:46:05

G3933 Oatmeal Alberta Slip + Li

Code #

G3933G1

Materials Amt
Alberta Slip 38.102 38.02%
Alberta Slip 1000F Roasted 13.000 12.97%
Calcined Kaolin 10.309 10.29%
Ferro Frit 3249 11.403 11.38%
Silica 325 (Silica) 16.272 16.24%
Calcium Carbonate 5.829 5.82%
Dolomite 5.289 5.28%
Additions
Tin Oxide 5.000 4.99%
Rutile 1.500 1.50%

Total:106.70

Auto Unity Formula

CaO 0.50
MgO 0.38
K2O 0.06
Na2O 0.06
(KNaO) 0.13
TiO2 0.06
B2O3 0.16
Al2O3 0.46
SiO2 3.02
Fe2O3 0.05
SnO2 0.11

Ratios

Si:Al: 6.5:1
SiB:Al: 6.9:1
R2O:RO: 0.1:0.9

Expansion

6.1 (Molar:5.9)

LOI

9.0

Notes

*This was done to find a way to mix G3933 Oatmeal using Alberta Slip. But it morphed into an Albany Brown recipe.

We had 1740g slurry and did a water content test to determine 824g powder. Added 16g Li2O3 (2%) for A, 16 more for B, 16 more for C.

Pictures

G3933G Oatmeal Alberta Slip + Li

Top left is G3933G1.
Top right adds 4% lithium carbonate.
Bottom left: 6% lithium carbonate.
Bottom right: Amaco PC-32 Albany brown.
All are fired using the C6DHSC schedule.

The Amaco glaze is on thicker and its character indicates that it may have more than 6% lithium. We will do a melt flow test to compare them further.

G3933G1 with 6% lithium carbonate vs PC-32

Fired at cone 6, drop and hold.
The PC-32 has shivered off a large section of the flow, this, along with the greater flow, suggests a high percentage of lithium carbonate, perhaps as high as 10%.

Typecodes

C6-Cone 6

Alternate Code Number:MG6CDM

XML (to paste into Insight)

<?xml version="1.0"?> <recipes version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"> <recipe name="G3933 Oatmeal Alberta Slip + Li" id="246447" key="Hs2PSMQb" date="2023-11-08" typecodes="C6" codenum="G3933G1" picturebasename=""> <recipelines> <recipeline material="Alberta Slip" amount="38.102" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Alberta Slip 1000F Roasted" amount="13.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Calcined Kaolin" amount="10.309" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Ferro Frit 3249" amount="11.403" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Silica 325" lookup="Silica" amount="16.272" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Calcium Carbonate" amount="5.829" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Dolomite" amount="5.289" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Tin Oxide" amount="5.000" added="true"/> <recipeline material="Rutile" amount="1.500" added="true"/> </recipelines> </recipe> </recipes>

Born: 2014-03-21, Modified: 2023-11-08 04:39:55

Classic Albany Lithium Brown Glossy

Code #

G2415E

Materials Amt
Lithium Carbonate 10.000
Tin Oxide 4.000
Albany Slip 86.000

Total:100.00

Auto Unity Formula

CaO 0.27
Li2O 0.42
MgO 0.18
K2O 0.09
Na2O 0.03
(KNaO) 0.12
TiO2 0.01
Al2O3 0.38
SiO2 2.55
Fe2O3 0.09
SnO2 0.08

Ratios

Si:Al: 6.7:1
R2O:RO: 0.5:0.5

Expansion

6.4 (Molar:5.9)

LOI

14.0

Notes

*This recipe was popular for many years. Over time people reduced the amount of lithium (trading it for a feldspar). The high Albany Slip content made the slurry difficult to use (drying shrinkage and crawling being the main issue). People did not learn to solve that by roasting part of the Albany clay (as is done with Alberta Slip now).

Glaze manufacturers generally have a variation of this in their lineups.

Pictures

Albany Lithium brown using Alberta Slip

Alternate Code Number:GA6-G

XML (to paste into Insight)

<?xml version="1.0"?> <recipes version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"> <recipe name="Classic Albany Lithium Brown Glossy" id="73394" key="3oA65Z5t" date="2023-10-31" codenum="G2415E" picturebasename=""> <recipelines> <recipeline material="Lithium Carbonate" amount="10.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Tin Oxide" amount="4.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Albany Slip" amount="86.000" tolerance=""/> </recipelines> </recipe> </recipes>

Born: 2003-09-26, Modified: 2023-10-31 20:57:12

G2415E Alberta Slip Brown (less Li)

Code #

G2415J

Materials Amt
Alberta Slip 40.000
Alberta Slip 1000F Roasted 35.000
Ferro Frit 3249 17.000
Silica 325 mesh (Silica) 4.000
Additions
Tin Oxide 4.000
Lithium Carbonate 5.000

Total:105.00

Auto Unity Formula + Analysis

CaO 0.27 4.95%
Li2O 0.20 1.94%
MgO 0.37 4.86%
K2O 0.08 2.60%
Na2O 0.08 1.64%
(KNaO) 0.16
TiO2 0.01 0.21%
P2O5 0.00 0.04%
B2O3 0.21 4.68%
Al2O3 0.40 13.45%
SiO2 2.56 50.45%
Fe2O3 0.06 3.35%
SnO2 0.08 3.81%

Ratios

Si:Al: 6.4:1
SiB:Al: 6.9:1
R2O:RO: 0.4:0.6

Expansion

6.3 (Molar:5.9)

LOI

8.0

Notes

*The lithium has been cut (to reduce cost). You can increase it a little if greater contrast between light and dark is desired.

This substitutes Alberta Slip for the Albany (it was already known to work on G2415E).

To keep thermal down this introduces a low expansion MgO frit (at the expense of some of the Alberta Slip). The introduces boron to help maintain the high melt fluidity that 10% lithium imparted.

If this crazes more silica can likely be tolerated. If it shivers some of the frit could be traded for Ferro Frit 3110 (to add Na2O and raise thermal expansion).

Pictures

Melt flow test of lithium brown cone 6 glazes

Left to right:
G2415K without the iron and tin.
G2415K with the iron and tin.
G2415J - the original Alberta Slip using raw lithium carbonate.
G2860 - AMACO Albany brown commercial glaze.

Even though the chemistry of G2415K is the same as the G2415J, it is has much better melt fluidity and almost no entrained bubbles (because of the fritted source of lithium).
The Amaco glaze appears to have a different mechanism, only exhibiting the brown where thin.

G2415J, K, K+3% TIO2 on M340

The titanium mattes the surface.
The K, which uses a lithium Frit, is much more runny an active. This sample was not mixed enough and some particulate tin and iron remained.

Alternate Code Number:GA6-G1

XML (to paste into Insight)

<?xml version="1.0"?> <recipes version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"> <recipe name="G2415E Alberta Slip Brown (less Li)" id="66651" key="7QFS2RqP" date="2023-10-31" codenum="G2415J" picturebasename=""> <recipelines> <recipeline material="Alberta Slip" amount="40.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Alberta Slip 1000F Roasted" amount="35.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Ferro Frit 3249" amount="17.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Silica 325 mesh" lookup="Silica" amount="4.000" tolerance=""/> <recipeline material="Tin Oxide" amount="4.000" added="true"/> <recipeline material="Lithium Carbonate" amount="5.000" added="true"/> </recipelines> </recipe> </recipes>

Born: 2013-06-03, Modified: 2023-10-31 21:07:24

AMACO PC-32 Albany Brown

Code #

G3860

Notes

*C6DHSC firing schedule.

Pictures

PC-32 applied thick on M332 - slow cool

PC-32 on M340, thickly applied

C6DHSC firing schedule.

PC-32 over G2934 Black

On Plainsman 3B MNP native clay.

PC-32 on G2934 matte black at cone 6

On Plainsman M340.

Melt flow test of lithium brown cone 6 glazes

Left to right:
G2415K without the iron and tin.
G2415K with the iron and tin.
G2415J - the original Alberta Slip using raw lithium carbonate.
G2860 - AMACO Albany brown commercial glaze.

Even though the chemistry of G2415K is the same as the G2415J, it is has much better melt fluidity and almost no entrained bubbles (because of the fritted source of lithium).
The Amaco glaze appears to have a different mechanism, only exhibiting the brown where thin.

XML (to paste into Insight)

Born: 2018-11-09, Modified: 2023-11-03 21:12:30